|
Pune (पुणे) |
|
Queen of the Deccan, Oxford
of the East |
|
— city
city — |
|
Clockwise from bottom: the
National War Memorial Southern Command, the
HSBC Global Technology India Headquarters,
Mahatma Gandhi Road,
Fergusson College and
Shaniwarwada |
|
|
|
Coordinates |
 18°31′13″N
73°51′24″ECoordinates:
18°31′13″N
73°51′24″E |
| Former name |
Poona |
| Country |
India |
|
State |
Maharashtra |
|
District(s) |
Pune |
|
Subdistrict(s) |
Haveli taluka |
|
Mayor |
Mohansingh Rajpal[1](NCP) |
| Municipal Commissioner |
Mahesh Pathak |
Population
•
Density
•
Metro |
3,115,431[2] (9th) (2011)
• 7,214 /km2 (18,684 /sq mi)
• 5,049,968[3] (8th) (2011) |
|
Time zone |
IST (UTC+05:30) |
Area
•
Elevation |
1109.85 km2 (429 sq mi)
• 560 metres (1,840 ft) |
|
|
| Website |
pune.nic.in |
Shivaji Maharaj was the founder of the Maratha Kingdom
Pune
pronunciation
(help·info)
(Marathi:
पुणे, pronounced IPA: [puɳeː]),
is the
eighth largest metropolis in
India,
the second largest in the state of
Maharashtra after
Mumbai,
and the largest city in the
Western Ghats. Once the centre of power of the
Maratha Empire, it is situated 560 metres above sea level on the
Deccan plateau at the confluence of the
Mula (Marathi:
मुळा) and
Mutha rivers (Marathi:
मुठा).[4]
Pune city is the administrative capital of
Pune district.
Pune is known to have existed as a town since 937 AD. Pune was
originally called Punawadi.[5]
Chhatrapati
Shivaji Maharaj, the founder of the
Maratha Empire, lived in Pune as a young boy, and later oversaw
significant growth and development of the town during his reign. In
1730, Pune became an important political center as the seat of the
Peshwa,
the prime minister of the
Chhatrapati of Satara. After the town was annexed to
British India in 1817, it served as a
cantonment town and as the "monsoon capital" of the
Bombay Presidency until the
independence of India.[6]
Today, Pune is known for its educational facilities and relative
prosperity. Pune is the cultural capital of Maharashtra. Pune has
well-established manufacturing,
glass,
sugar, and
forging industries since the 1950-60s. It has a growing
industrial hinterland, with many
information technology and
automotive companies setting up factories in Pune district. The
city is known for various cultural activities like classical music,
spirituality, theater, sports, and literature. These activities and
job opportunities attract migrants and students from all over India
and abroad, which makes for a city of many communities and cultures.
[edit]
Toponymy
The name Pune is derived from
Sanskrit Puṇyanagara "City of Virtue". The oldest
reference to this name was found on a
Rashtrakuta Dynasty copper plate dated 937, that refers to the
town as Punya-Vishaya or Poonak-Vishaya.[7]
By the 13th century, it had come to be known as Kasbe Pune or
Punavadi.
The city's name is sometimes transcribed as Poona in
English, a practice particularly common during the
British Raj. The spelling Pune was formally adopted in
1976.[8]
[edit]
History
[edit]
Early and Medieval
Copper plates dated 758 AD and 768 AD show that, by the 8th
century, an agricultural settlement known as Punnaka existed
where Pune is today. The plates indicate that this region was ruled
by the Rashtrakuta Dynasty. The
Pataleshwar rock-cut temple complex was built during this era.
Pune was part of the
Seuna Yadavas of Devagiri from the 9th century to 1327. In 1595,
Maloji Raje Bhosale was appointed the
jagirdar
of Pune and Supe by the
Mughal Empire.[7]
It was ruled by the
Ahmadnagar Sultanate until being annexed by the Mughals in the
17th century.
[edit]
Maratha rule
In 1625,
Shahaji appointed
Rango Bapuji Dhadphale as the administrator of Pune. He was one
of the first major developers of the town, overseeing construction
of the
Kasba Peth,
Somwar Peth,
Raviwar Peth and
Shaniwar Peth. After the destruction of the town in raids by the
Adil Shahi dynasty in 1630, and again from 1636 to 1647,
Dadoji Kondadev, a military and administrative officer of
Shahaji Bhosale, oversaw redevelopment and construction of the area.
He stabilized the revenue system of Pune and the neighborhoods of
Maval
to the west of town. In addition, he developed effective methods to
control disputes and enforce law and order. Construction began on
the
Lal Mahal palace, as Shahaji's son
Shivaji was to move there with his mother
Jijabai. The Lal Mahal was completed in 1640.[7]
Jijabai is said to have commissioned the building of the
Kasba Ganapati temple herself. The
Ganesha idol consecrated at this temple is regarded as the
presiding deity (gramadevata)
of the city.[9]
Shivaji was crowned
Chhatrapati in 1674, thus founding the
Maratha Empire. He oversaw further development in Pune,
including the construction of the Guruwar, Somwar, Ganesh and
Ghorpade Peths. Shivaji Maharaj encouraged development of dams in
Parvati and Kondhwa regions of Pune for agriculture purpose. Pune
and surrounding villages later provided manpower for Shivaji's
efforts to build an army during the period from 1645 to 1680. In
between 1660 to 1670 the town was captured by Moghul General
Shahista Khan, but was recaptured by the Marathas in 1670 after the
battle of Sinhagad. During the 27-year long conflict between the
Marathas and the Moghuls, the town was occupied by
Aurangzeb from 1703 to 1705; during this time the name of town
was changed to "Muhiyabad".[citation
needed] Two years later, the Marathas
recaptured Sinhagad fort and later Pune city from the Moghuls as had
been done in 1670.
In 1720,
Baji Rao I was appointed
Peshwa
(Prime Minister) of the Maratha Empire, ruled by
Chattrapati Shahu.[10]
He selected Pune as his base and started construction of
Shaniwar Wada on the banks of the Mutha. The construction was
completed in 1730, ushering the era of Peshwa control of the city.
The patronage of the Peshwas resulted in the construction of many
temples and bridges in the city, including the Lakdi Pul and the
temples on
Parvati Hill. Bajirao Peshwa also constructed an underground
aqueduct to bring water from Katraj Lake to Shaniwar Wada. The
aqueduct is still operational. Pune prospered as a city during the
reign of
Nanasaheb Peshwe. He developed
Saras Baug,
Heera Baug,
Parvati Hill and new commercial, trading and residential
localilties. The
Sadashiv Peth,
Narayan Peth,
Rasta Peth and
Nana Peth were developed in this era. The Peshwas fell into
decline after their defeat in the 1761
Battle of Panipat. In 1802, Pune was captured by
Yashwantrao Holkar in the
Battle of Poona, directly precipitating the
Second Anglo-Maratha War of 1803-1805.
[edit]
British Rule
The
Third Anglo-Maratha War broke out between the Marathas and the
British in 1817. The Peshwas were defeated at the
Battle of Khadki (then transcribed Kirkee) on 5 November
near Poona, and the city was seized by the British.[11]
It was placed under the administration of the
Bombay Presidency, and the British built a large military
cantonment to the east of the city (now used by the
Indian Army). The Pune Municipality was established in 1858.
Navi Peth, Ganj Peth and Mahatma Phule Peth were developed during
the
British Raj.
Nana Sahib Peshwa, the adopted son of the last Peshwa
Bajirao II, rose against the rule of
British East India Company as a part of the
Indian Rebellion of 1857, known in India as the First War of
Independence. He was helped by
Rani Lakshmibai of
Jhansi
and
Tatya Tope. At the end of the war, the final remnants of the
Maratha Empire were annexed to British India.
Pune was an important centre in the social and religious reform
movements of the late 19th century. Many prominent social reformers
and freedom fighters lived here, including
Bal Gangadhar Tilak (also known as Lokmanya Tilak),
Vitthal Ramji Shinde,
Dhondo Keshav Karve and
Jyotirao Phule.
Poona (Pune) is also associated with the struggle for Indian
independence.
Mohandas Gandhi was imprisoned at Yerwada jail several times and
placed under house arrest at the
Aga Khan Palace in 1942-44, where both his wife and aide Mahadev
Desai died.
In late 1896, Poona (Pune) was hit by
bubonic plague; and by the end of February 1897, the epidemic
was raging, with a mortality rate twice the norm, and half the
city's population fled. A Special Plague Committee was formed under
the chairmanship of W. C. Rand, an
Indian Civil Services officer. He brought troops to deal with
the emergency. Although these measures were unpopular, the epidemic
was under control by May. On 22 June 1897, during the Diamond
Jubilee celebration of the coronation of
Queen Victoria, Rand and his military escort Lt. Ayerst were
shot while returning from the celebrations at Government House. Both
died, Ayerst on the spot and Rand of his wounds on 3 July. The
Chapekar brothers and two accomplices were charged with this
murder, and with the shooting of two informants and an attempt to
shoot a police officer. All three brothers were found guilty and
hanged. An accomplice was dealt with similarly. Another, a
school boy, was sentenced to ten years hard labour.
[edit]
Independence
After
Indian independence in 1947, from Britain Poona (Pune) saw a lot
of development, such as the establishment of the
National Defence Academy at
Khadakwasla and the
National Chemical Laboratory at
Pashan.
Pune serves as the headquarters of the
Southern Command of the
Indian Army.[12]
Industrial development started in the 1950s and '60s in
Hadapsar,
Bhosari,
Pimpri, and
Parvati.[13]
Telco (now
Tata Motors) started operations in 1961, which gave a huge boost
to the automobile sector.
In July 1961, the
Panshet and
Khadakwasla dams broke and their waters flooded the city,
destroying most of the older sections of town, facilitating the
subsequent introduction of modern town planning concepts and the
development of parts of Pune.[citation
needed] The economy of the city witnessed a
boom in the construction and manufacturing sectors. By 1966, the
city had expanded in all directions.[13]
In 1990 Pune began to attract foreign capital, particularly in
the
information technology and
engineering industries; new businesses like
floriculture and
food processing started to take root in and around the city. In
1998, work on the six-lane
Mumbai-Pune expressway began; the expressway being completed in
2001.[14]
IT Parks were established in
Aundh,
Hinjawadi and on
Nagar Road. In 2008 the
Commonwealth Youth Games took place in Pune, which encouraged
additional development in the northwest region of the city.[15]
In July 2009, India's first death due to
H1 N1 occurred in Pune. Later the city became an epicentre of
swine flue due to the large number of H1 N1 cases.[16]
On 13 February 2010,
a bomb exploded at the
German Bakery in the upmarket
Koregaon Park neighbourhood on the east side of Pune killing 17
and injuring 60.[17]
The explosion is now suspected to be an
improvised explosive device using an ammonium nitrate fuel oil
mix.[18]
The blast was a first in what was until then the relatively safe
environment of Pune.[19]
[edit]
Geography
Laxmi Road in Central Pune
Pune is located 560 m (1,840 ft) above sea level on the western
margin of the
Deccan plateau. It is situated on the leeward side of the
Sahyadri mountain range, which form a barrier from the
Arabian sea. It is a relatively hilly city, with its tallest
hill,
Vetal Hill, rising to 800 m (2,600 ft) above sea level. Just
outside the city, the
Sinhagad fort is located at an altitude of 1300 m.
Central Pune is located at the confluence of the
Mula and
Mutha rivers. The
Pavana and
Indrayani rivers, tributaries of the
Bhima river, traverse the northwestern outskirts of metropolitan
Pune. Pune lies very close to the seismically active zone around
Koyna Dam, about 100 km (62 mi) south of the city, and has been
rated in
Zone 4 (on a scale of 2 to 5, with 5 being the most prone to
earthquakes) by the
India Meteorological Department. Pune has experienced some
moderate-intensity and many low-intensity earthquakes in its
history. Although no major earthquakes have originated in Pune
itself, an earthquake of magnitude 3.2 took place in the
Katraj
region near Pune on May 17, 2004.[20]
A low intensity earthquake observed on the night of 30 July 2008 was
measured at 4.2 at around 12:41 am. The epicenter for the earthquake
was in the Koyna Dam seismic field.[21]
[edit]
Neighbourhoods
The northwestern suburb of
Pashan
The city of Pune can be divided into the following zones:
Pune Neighbourhoods
| Zone |
Neighbourhood |
Description |
| Central Pune |
The seventeen
Peths (markets) of Pune |
These were established and developed during the
Maratha and
Peshwa rule, and are referred to as the old city. |
| New Developments (inner) |
Deccan Gymkhana,
Erandwane and
Shivajinagar in the west;
Camp, Bund Garden and
Koregaon Park in the east;
Swargate,
Parvati Hill,
Sahakarnagar,
Mukund Nagar,
Maharshi Nagar,
Gultekdi and
Salisbury Park to the south. |
Bounded on the north by the
Mula-Mutha river. |
| New developments (outer) |
Khadki,
Aundh and
Ganeshkhind in the northwest;
Kothrud and
Paud Road in the west;
Dattawadi,
Sahakarnagar and
Dhankawadi in the southwest;
Bibvewadi and
Lullanagar in the southeast;
Yerwada,
Wadgaon Sheri (including
Kalyani Nagar and
Shastri Nagar) in the northeast;
Vishrantwadi in the north;
Ghorpadi,
Fatimanagar,
Wanowrie and
Hadapsar South to the east. |
Several educational institutes are located in the
Bibvewadi and Dhankawadi neighborhoods. |
| Suburbs |
Baner and
Pashan in the northwest;
Bavdhan and
Warje in the west;
Wadgaon Budrukh,
Dhayari and
Ambegaon in the southwest;
Katraj,
Kondhwa,
Undri and
Mohammedwadi in the southeast;
Hadapsar,
Mundhwa and
Manjri in the east;
Kharadi in the northeast;
Dhanori and
Kalas to the north. |
Kharadi and Hadapsar are home to large IT parks |
The
Pune Metropolitan Area also includes the following areas,
located roughly to the northwest of Pune city. These are
administered by the
Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation.
-
Pimpri and its surroundings:
Chikhli,
Kalewadi,
Kasarwadi,
Phugewadi and
Pimple Saudagar
-
Chinchwad and its surroundings:
Thergaon,
Tathawade and
Talawade
-
Sangvi and its surroundings:
Dapodi,
Wakad,
Hinjewadi,
Pimple Nilakh and
Pimple Gurav
-
Bhosari and its surroundings:
Moshi,
Dighi,
Dudulgaon and
Charholi Budruk
-
Nigdi,
Akurdi and its surroundings:
Ravet,
Dehu Road and
Somatane
[edit]
Climate
Pune has a
tropical wet and dry climate with average temperatures ranging
between 20 to 28 °C (68 to 82 °F).
Pune experiences three distinct seasons: summer,
monsoon and "winter".
Typical summer months are from March to May, with maximum
temperatures ranging from 30 to 38 °C (86 to 100 °F). The warmest
month in Pune is April; although summer doesn't end until May, the
city often receives heavy
thundershowers in May (and humidity remains high). Even during
the hottest months, the nights are usually cool due to Pune's high
altitude. The highest temperature ever recorded was
43.3 °C
(109.9 °F) on April 30,
1897.[22]
The monsoon lasts from June to October, with moderate rainfall
and temperatures ranging from 10 to 28 °C (50 to 82 °F). Most of the
722 mm (28.4 inches) of annual rainfall in the city fall between
June and September, and July is the wettest month of the year.
"Winter" begins in November; November in particular is referred
to as the Rosy Cold (literal translation) (Marathi:
गुलाबी थंडी). The daytime
temperature hovers around 28 °C
(82 °F) while night
temperature is below 10 °C
(50 °F) for most of
December and January, often dropping to 5 to 6 °C (41 to 43 °F). The
lowest temperature ever recorded was 1.7 °C on January 17, 1935.[23]
| [hide]Climate
data for Pune |
| Month |
Jan |
Feb |
Mar |
Apr |
May |
Jun |
Jul |
Aug |
Sep |
Oct |
Nov |
Dec |
Year |
| Average high °C (°F) |
29.9
(85.8) |
31.9
(89.4) |
35.4
(95.7) |
37.7
(99.9) |
36.9
(98.4) |
31.7
(89.1) |
28.4
(83.1) |
27.4
(81.3) |
29.4
(84.9) |
31.4
(88.5) |
30.1
(86.2) |
28.9
(84) |
31.59
(88.87) |
| Average low °C (°F) |
11.0
(51.8) |
12.1
(53.8) |
15.8
(60.4) |
19.9
(67.8) |
22.4
(72.3) |
22.9
(73.2) |
22.2
(72) |
21.6
(70.9) |
20.8
(69.4) |
18.5
(65.3) |
14.4
(57.9) |
11.5
(52.7) |
17.76
(63.97) |
|
Precipitation mm (inches) |
0
(0) |
3
(0.12) |
2
(0.08) |
11
(0.43) |
40
(1.57) |
138
(5.43) |
163
(6.42) |
129
(5.08) |
155
(6.1) |
68
(2.68) |
28
(1.1) |
4
(0.16) |
741
(29.17) |
| Avg. precipitation
days |
0.1 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
1.1 |
3.3 |
10.9 |
17.0 |
16.2 |
10.9 |
5.0 |
2.4 |
0.3 |
67.8 |
| Sunshine hours |
291.4 |
282.8 |
300.7 |
303.0 |
316.2 |
186.0 |
120.9 |
111.6 |
177.0 |
248.0 |
270.0 |
288.3 |
2,895.9 |
|
Source:
HKO |
[edit]
Demographics
As per the 2010
Census of India estimate, the population of the Pune urban
agglomeration is to peg around 5,518,688
[26] This includes the towns of
Khadki,
Pimpri-Chinchwad and
Dehu.
Growth in the software and education sectors has led to an influx of
skilled labour from across India. The population of the urban
agglomeration was estimated to be around 4,485,000 in 2005.[27]
The migrating population rose from 43,900 in 2001 to 88,200 in 2005.[28]
According to the Pune Municipal Corporation, 38.9% of the population
lived in
slums in 2001.[29]
The sharp increase in censorial decade of 1991–2001 can be
attributed to the absorption of 38 fringe villages into the city.[24]
The literacy rate is about 81%.[30]
Marathi is the official and most widely spoken language, while
Hindi and English are understood and spoken widely. Pune has a
great Marathi influence as it was the bastion of the
Maratha Empire.
[edit]
Religion
Hinduism is the most commonly practised religion in Pune, and
many Churches, Masjids, Gurudwaras,
Buddhist's viharas, Jain temples and other religious buildings
are found throughout the city.[31]
The most prominent communities include
Marathas,
Malis,
Brahmins,
Gujarati people,
Svetambara Jains,
Marwaris and
Sindhi people, along with the local communities. The most
prominent Hindu temple in Pune is the
Parvati Temple, located on Parvati hill and visible from most of
the inner suburbs. The most visited temple is likely the
Chaturshringi Temple, located on the slopes of a hill in the
northwest of the city. During
Navratri, there is a large procession to this temple and
worshippers gather from around the country to pray here. The
presiding god of Pune city is the
Kasba Ganapati, whose temple is found in
Kasba Peth in central Pune.
Sarasbaug Ganpati is also a prominent landmark in Pune.
The
Pataleshwar Temple is believed to be one of the oldest temples
in the city.[citation
needed]
Since 1894, Pune has celebrated
Ganesh Chaturthi as a ten-day long festival, in which most
neighborhoods put up a pandal (tent) with an idol of Ganesha,
often amidst a religious setting, complete with decorative lights
and festive music. This festival culminates with a parade of Ganesh
idols from across the city carried to the local rivers to be
immersed (Ganesh visarjan). The Kasba Ganapati, as the
presiding deity of the city, is the first in this parade. The idea
of a public celebration was initiated by
Bal Gangadhar Tilak in Pune, and has since spread to many other
cities, particularly
Mumbai,
which now has a parade every year.
Significant religious leaders
Dnyaneshwar and poet
Tukaram were born near Pune. Their link to the city is
commemorated with an annual pilgrimage to
Pandharpur, 300 kilometers away, consisting of a
litter of both figures being carried to the
main temple of the Hindu god
Vithoba. The pilgrimage is timed to end on the auspicious day of
Aashadhi Ekadashi
Islam is the second largest religion in Pune.[citation
needed] Pune has a large number of mosques, the
most prominent ones of which are Chand Tara Masjid, Madarchilla
Masjid and Azam Campus Masjid. Chand Tara Masjid located in
Nana Peth is one of the biggest and most important mosques in
Pune as it is the city headquarter (markaz) for the
Tabligi Jamaat. The Eid-gah Maidan located near
Golibar Maidan on
Shankar Sheth Road witnesses a large gathering of people for
Eid
namaz on
Eid al-Fitr and
Eid al-Adha.
There are a significant number of Christians residing in Pune.
The
Roman Catholic Diocese of Pune (Latin: Poonen(sis)) is located
here. It is a part of the
Ecclesiastical province of Mumbai established in 1854 as the
Apostolic Vicariate of Poona from the Apostolic Vicariate of Bombay.
On 1 September 1886 it was Promoted to the Diocese of Poona.
Protestantism arrived in the 18th century when the British took
over from the Maratha empire. American missionaries were the first
to start
evangelizing local people building many churches and schools in
Pune. Pune's Christians are also called Marathi Christians because
of their use of the
Marathi language.
The Vineyard is a popular place of Christian worship in
Dapoli,
a village near Pune.
Pune is also famous for its Marathi speaking Jews. The Ohel David
Synagogue built by
David Sassoon is renowned. David Sassoon died in the city in
1864.
The
Shrutisagar Ashram, located at
Phulgaon off the Nagar road, houses the
Vedanta Research Centre and a unique temple of
Dakshinamurthy, located near the confluence of the
Bhima,
Bhama and
Indrayani rivers. It was established in 1989 by Swami
Swaroopanand Saraswati. Here one can find detailed explanations of
śruti
and
smriti (including the
Vedas,
Bhagavad Gita,
Upanishads and
Puranas) in Marathi and English.
With 200,000 visitors annually, the
Osho International Meditation Resort in Pune is one
of the largest spiritual centres in the world
Pune has been associated with several significant spiritual
teachers.
Osho lived and taught in Pune for much of the 1970s and 1980s.
The
Osho International Meditation Resort, one of the world's largest
spiritual centers, is located in the Koregaon Park area. It has
visitors from over a hundred countries.[32]
Pune is also the birthplace of
avatar
Meher Baba, although pilgrims usually travel to
Meherabad to visit Meher Baba's tomb.
Hazrat Babajan, one of the five
Perfect Masters, lived the final 25 years of her life in Pune.
She established her final residence first under an 'Azadirachta
indica tree near Bukhari Shah's mosque in
Rasta Peth and later another A. indica tree in the
then-dilapidated section of Pune called
Char Bawdi where she remained the rest of her life. There is a
shrine erected in her honour in Pune, around the tree under which
she made her final home.[33]
The
ISKCON movement also has a presence in the city at the Sri Radha
Kunjbihari Mandir.
B. K. S. Iyengar, an internationally known
yoga
master, established the
Ramamani Iyengar Memorial Yoga Institute in Pune in 1975, in
order to train students in
Iyengar Yoga.
[edit]
Culture
Pune is said to be the cultural capital of the state of
Maharashtra. It epitomises the Marathi culture, which lays
emphasis on education, arts and crafts, music, and theatre. Pune has
emerged as a centre of modern architecture in India, with prize
winning buildings. Pune culture reflects a blend of traditions with
modernity, as along with hosting classical shows.[34]
[edit]
Cuisine
Sorghum and
Pearl millet are the main ingredients of traditional Pune food.
A typical meal includes
Puran Poli (a dessert bread),
Bhakri
(millet pancakes) with Pithla (a flour-based curry),
Bhelpuri,
Pav Bhaji and
Misal.[35]
Mastani, a thick milkshake containing
dried fruit, is a speciality of the city. Pune is also famous
for "Bakarwardi" specially made from "Chitale Bandhu" sweet store.[36]
[edit]
Economy
As one of the largest cities in India, and as a result of its
many colleges and universities, Pune is emerging as a prominent
location for
IT and manufacturing companies to expand. Pune has the sixth
largest metropolitan economy and the second highest per capita
income in the country (Chandigarh is first).
The automotive sector is prominent in Pune. It is home to the
Automotive Research Association of India, which is responsible for
the
homologation of all vehicles available in India. All sectors of
the automotive industry are represented, from
two-wheelers and
autorickshaws to cars,
tractors,
tempos,
excavators and trucks. Automotive companies like
Tata Motors, Mahindra & Mahindra, Mercedes Benz, Force Motors
(Firodia-Group), Kinetic Motors have set ups in Pune. Automotive
companies including
General Motors,
Volkswagen, and
Fiat
have set up greenfield facilities near Pune, leading
The Independent to cite Pune as India's "Motor City".[37]
Several automotive component manufacturers like Saint-Gobain
Sekurit, TATA Autocomp Systems Limited,
Robert Bosch GmbH,
ZF Friedrichshafen AG, Visteon, and Continental Corporation are
located here.
India's largest engineering conglomerate, the
Kirloskar Group, was the first to bring industry to Pune by
setting up Kirloskar Oil Engines Ltd. in 1945 at Kirkee in Pune. The
Group was originally set up in
Kirloskarwadi.[38]
Kirloskar Brothers Limited (India’s largest manufacturer and
exporter of pumps and the largest infrastructure pumping project
contractor in Asia[39]),
Kirloskar Oil Engines (India's largest
diesel engine company[40]),
Kirloskar Pneumatics Co. Ltd. and other
Kirloskar companies are based in Pune.
The Hinjawadi IT Park (officially called the Rajeev Gandhi IT
Park) is a project being started by MIDC to house the IT sector in
Pune. When completed, the Hinjawadi IT Park is expected to have an
area of about 2,800 acres (11 km2). The estimated
investment in the project is
60
crore
(US$13.38
million).[41]
To facilitate economic growth, the government made liberal
incentives in its IT and ITES Policy, 2003 and leased properties on
MIDC land.[42]
The IT sector employs more than 70,000 people. Major software
companies in Pune include
Infosys,
Persistent Systems,
Geometric Limited,
Symphony Services,
Wipro,
TCS,
Cognizant,
Symantec,
Tech Mahindra,
Syntel,
Fujitsu Cybage and
IBM global.
Software giant
Microsoft intends to set up a
700
crore
(US$156.1
million) project in
Hinjewadi.[42]
Pune and around also houses foreign direct investments like Alfa
Laval, Sandvik, Atlas Copco, Keihin FIE, Panasonic, Sharp, Enkei,
Tata Tokyo, Tata Yazaki, Tata Yutaka, Lumax and many more.
Pune Food Cluster development project is an initiative funded by
the
World Bank. It is being implemented with the help of SIDBI,
Cluster Craft to facilitate the development of the fruit and
vegetable processing industries in and around Pune.[43][44]
[edit]
Industry
The emergence of industrial Pune began in the early 60s, with
mechanical engineering industries putting up base. Pune's proximity
to Mumbai, good climate and availability of talent made it a
preferred destination to large firms like Tata Motors (TELCO then),
Buckau Wolf (Thyssen Krupp now), Hindustan Antibiotics and several
others.
Today, Pune has a diverse industrial population. It is one of
India's most important automotive hubs, with some domestic and
international auto giants manufacturing here. Pune also has hundreds
of large and small IT companies.
- Some large manufacturing industries in Pune
- Thyssen Krupp, Atlas Copco, SKF Bearings, Forbes Marshall,
Serum Institute,
Kirloskar Oil Engines, Bharat Forge, Thermax, Jaihind
Industries, Tata Autocomp, Tata Ficosa, Tata Johnson, Cummins
India, Honeywell Automation, Honeywell Turbochargers, Pudumjee
Papers, Tyco, Leoni, Godrej Appliances, 3M, Avery Dennison, St.
Gobain,
Suzlon, Kalyani Lemerz, Tata Yutaka, Tata Hendricks, Bobst
India, Kinetic Motors, Century Enka, Akzo Nobel, Vishay
Components, Jabil Circuits, Emerson, Tata Bluescope, POSCO,
Emcure, Venky's, ITC, Frito-Lay's, Coca Cola.
- Automotive manufacturers in Pune
- Tata Motors, Bajaj Auto, Volkswagen, Mercedes Benz India,
Behr Engineering Services (BES), FIAT, General Motors, Force
Motors, Mahindra Navistar, John Deere, JCB, Premier Automobiles,
Mercedes Benz
- Consumer durables manufacturers
- LG, Whirlpool, Godrej Appliances, Sharp, Haier,
- IT & Finance companies in Pune
- Infosys, Wipro, TCS,
Capgemini,
KPIT Cummins,
Persistent,
Symphony Services, SunGard, Tech-Mahindra, IBM, Accenture,
Symantec, Systems Plus Technologies, Aztec,
Atos,
Siemens, John Deer, WNS, Tata Technologies, Capgemini, Veritas,
Cognizant, Patni Computer Systems, Eaton, Avaya, Zensar,
Parametric, Geometric, Xansa, HSBC, Barclays, Credit Suisse,
Syntel, Fujitsu,
Softenger, Oracle Financial Software Solutions (Formerly
Iflex)
ThoughtWorks.
- Real Estate in Pune
- There are many real estate developers who are building
properties in Pune like
Tata Housing Development Company and many other. TATA
Housing is present in Pune with it's projects "La Monatana" and
"Inora Park". There are many other builders who are considering
pune as a lucrative market for development of real estate
primarily because of it's closeness to Mumbai and the Express
Highway which gives the drivers a sheer driving pleasure. ABIL
is one of the leading infrastructure developement companies in
Pune.[45]
[edit]
Administration
[edit]
Civic
administration
The city of Pune is managed by the
Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC). The Corporation consists of
149
directly elected councilors,[46]
who are led by the Mayor of Pune, a titular position mainly acting
as an ambassador and representative of the city. Actual executive
power is vested in the
Municipal Commissioner, an officer of the
Indian Administrative Service who is appointed by the
Government of Maharashtra.
Statue of
Aryabhata on the grounds of
IUCAA, Pune. As there is no known information
regarding his appearance, any image of Aryabhata is an
artist's conception.
Apart from the PMC, four other administrative bodies are active
within the
Pune Metropolitan Area:
A plan to establish a single Pune Metropolitan Regional
Development Authority (PMRDA), consisting of the combined municipal
councils, corporations, and other local governments of Pune,
Pimpri-Chinchwad,
Lonavala,
Talegaon,
Bhor,
Shirur, Saswad, the three cantonments and hundred villages near the
city, has been considered since 1997, but has still not been put
into place.[50]
This body would be the executing authority which would acquire and
develop reserve land to improve the infrastruction of the Pune
metropolitan area.
The
Pune Police is headed by the
Police Commissioner of Pune, an officer of the
Indian Police Service. The Pune Police report to the state
ministry.
[edit]
Military
establishments
Poona (Pune) was the largest military camp for the British forces
during the Raj and the architecture in the cantonment area is very
evocative of the era. The majority of the old
Cantonment land in the city is now occupied by the
Indian Army for the housing of its garrisons and officers.[51]
The
Southern Command, a World War II Indian Army formation, has its
headquarters in
Pune cantonment. The city is home to Lohegaon Aerodrome (previousley
RAF Station Poona), the city's airport and
Indian Air Force airfield for the
Sukhoi-30MKI multi-role strike
fighters.
The
National Defence Academy (NDA) is an integrated military
training center that provides education up to the graduation level
and joint training for cadets of the Army, the Navy and the Air
Force.[52]
The NDA estate is spread over 8,028 acres (3,209 hectares) of land
in Khadakwasla near Pune and contains apart from NDA facilities, a
mini sanctuary and
Peacock Bay, one of the lakes that provide water to Pune city.[53]
Pune also host
College of Military Engineering which is also commonly referred
to as CME, trains Students in Engineering subjects in relation to
military.
[edit]
Architecture
In addition to its various temples, historical attractions in and
around Pune include the rock-cut
Pataleshwar cave temple,
Aga Khan Palace,
Shaniwarwada,
Lal Mahal,
Shinde Chhatri and
Sinhagad fort.
The city is known for its British Raj and the
Garden Cities Movement layout of the Cantonment in the early
twentieth century. Notable architects who have worked in Pune
include
B.V.Doshi,
Charles Correa,
Achyut Kanvinde and
Christopher Charles Benninger. Modern master pieces in Pune
include the IUCAA by Correa and a number of campuses by Benninger,
including his studio complex called
INDIA HOUSE. His award winning campuses include the
Mahindra United World College of India, the YMCA Campsite at
Nilshi, the
Samundra Institute of Maritime Studies, and
Suzlon One Earth.
[edit]
Museums,
parks and zoos
Prominent museums in Pune include the
Raja Dinkar Kelkar Museum,
Mahatma Phule Museum,
Babasaheb Ambedkar Museum and the
Pune Tribal Museum. The College of Military Engineering has an
archive and an equipment museum which has a rail exhibit with a
metre-gauge train. A large railway museum is also coming up in
Lonavala about 60 km (37 mi) away from the city on the Mumbai
railway line.[citation
needed]
Pune has a number of public gardens, such as the
Kamala Nehru Park,
Sambhaji Park,
Shahu Udyan,
Peshwe Park,
Saras Baug, Empress Garden,
Taljai Hills and Bund Garden. The
Pune-Okayama Friendship Garden, now renamed
Pu La Deshpande Udyan, is a replica of the
Korakuen Garden in
Okayama, Japan.[54]
The
Rajiv Gandhi Zoological Park is located at Katraj, close to the
city.[55]
The zoo, earlier located at Peshwe Park, was merged with the reptile
park at Katraj in 1999. Besides this, certain spots in Pune such as
Hanuman Tekdi, Vetaal Tekdi and Taljai forest are popular haunts for
nature lovers.
As the agro-pharmaceutical business has dwindled in recent
decades, immigration from erstwhile tribal peoples now accounts for
seventy percent of population growth and education syllabi have not
adjusted in accordance with other industrialised regions.[56][57]
This has created what has become an exclusive environment in the
government's expansion of education infrastructure, and Marathi
literati have received a number of grants in areas that were
previously ignored. Both experimental (प्रायोगिक रंगभूमी) and
professional theatre receive extensive patronage from the Marathi
community. The Tilak Smarak Mandir, Bala Gandharva Rangmandir,
Bharat Natya Mandir, Yashwantrao Chavan Natyagriha and
Sudarshan Rangmanch are prominent theatres in the city. Ganesh
Kala Krida Rangamanch is the largest closed theatre in the city,
with a seating capacity of 45,000.[58]
The Sawai Gandharva Sangeet Mahotsav, one of the most
prominent and sought-after
Indian classical music festivals in India is held in Pune every
year in December. The festival is led and organized each year by
Pt. Bhimsen Joshi and it commemorates the life and achievements
of
Pt. Sawai Gandharva.[59]
The concept of Diwāḷī Pahāṭ originated in Pune as a music
festival on the morning of the festival of
Diwali.[60]
[edit]
Education and
research
Pune has more than a hundred educational institutes and nine
universities,[61]
students from all over the world studying at the colleges of the
University of Pune. After the fall of the Marathas in 1818 and
establishment of educational institutions by the British, Pune came
to be referred to as the Oxford of the East[62]
due to its large student population, and a large number of quality
academic and research institutes. Pune has more schools, colleges
and universities than any other city in the world[citation
needed].
[edit]
Basic and
special education
Public schools (known locally as "municipality schools") are run
by the
Pune Municipal Corporation, and are affiliated with the
Maharashtra State Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education.
Private schools are run by educational trusts or individuals. They
are usually affiliated to either the
state board or to national education boards, such as the
Indian Certificate of Secondary Education.,
CBSE or
NIOS boards.
Pune is the largest centre for Japanese learning in India.[63]
Other languages including German (taught at the Max Muller Bhavan)
and French (at the Alliance Française de Poona) are popular in the
city.
[edit]
University
education
Most colleges in Pune are affiliated to the
University of Pune, established in 1948. Seven other
universities have also been established in the city.[64]
Top ranked engineering colleges such as
College of Engineering, Pune(COEP),
Maharashtra Institute of Technology,
Vishwakarma Institute of Technology and
Pune Institute of Computer Technology are located in the city.
The
College of Engineering Pune,now autonomous institute of
government of
Maharashtra, founded in 1854, is the third oldest engineering
college in Asia. The
Deccan Education Society was founded by several local citizens
in 1884, including social and political activist
Bal Gangadhar Tilak,[65]
and was responsible for founding
Fergusson College in 1885. This society currently maintains and
operates 32 institutes in Pune. The
Sinhgad Technical Education Society was founded by Prof. M. N.
Navale in 1993. It also referred to as
STES.
STES is a collection of education institutes operating mainly in
the region of Pune,
India.
It provides education in the fields of
Engineering,
Management,
Pharmacy,
Architecture, and
Computer Applications.
The
National Defence Academy,
Film and Television Institute of India,
Dnyaneshwar Vidyapeeth,
National Film Archives,
Armed Forces Medical College and
National Chemical Laboratory were established in Pune after the
independence of India.
Symbiosis International University, which operates 33 different
colleges and institutions in the city which includes colleges like[66]
Symbiosis Institute of Business Management (SIBM), which is
ranked amongst the top management institutes in the country[67]
and
Symbiosis Institute of Computer Studies and Research (SICSR)
which is one of the few colleges in India that promotes
Open source technology.
ILS Law College, established by the Indian Law Society, is one
of the top ten law schools in India. Established medical schools
such as the
Armed Forces Medical College (AFMC) and
Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Medical College train students from all over
Maharashtra and India and are amongst the top medical colleges in
India. The AFMC consistently ranks among the top five medical
colleges in India.[68]
The Lalit Kala Kendra is an undergraduate department of Music,
Dance and Drama on the University of Pune campus that has been
operational since 1987. This department features a combination of
Gurukul and formal education systems.[69]
[edit]
Research
institutes
Home to some of India's important research institutes, Pune has a
conducive research atmosphere. Some of the major research centres
are:
Several military and armament research organizations are located
in Pune (see the
Military establishments section in this article).
[edit]
Transport
Pune International Airport is an international airport at
Lohegaon, operated by the
Airports Authority of India. It shares its runways with the
neighboring
Indian Air Force base.[72]
In addition to domestic flights to all major Indian cities, this
airport serves international direct flights to
Dubai
(operated by
Air India Express)[73]
and to
Frankfurt (operated by
Lufthansa).[74]
The
Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation is responsible
for the design and construction of a new
Pune International Airport. The area between Chakan and
Rajgurunagar, around the villages of Chandus and Shiroli, is
currently being considered as a construction site. If constructed
here, it will be at a distance of 40 km (25 mi) from central Pune.[75]
Local trains (EMUs)
connect Pune to the industrial town of
Pimpri-Chinchwad and the hill station of
Lonavala, while daily express trains connect Pune to Mumbai,
Howrah, Delhi, Jammutawi, Chennai, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Goa,
Varanasi, and Jamshedpur. At Pune, there is diesel locomotive shed
and electric trip shed.[76]
A
rapid transit system has been proposed in Pune and is scheduled
to begin operations in 2013.[77]
Pune Metro Rail is being planned in consultation with
Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Limited, the corporation which
built and operates the
Delhi Metro. It will be a combination of elevated and
underground sections, with initial routes being planned between
Pimpri-Swargate and Vanaz-Ramwadi.
The city has a railway station,
Pune Railway Station. The station is administrated by the
Pune Railway Division of the
Central Railways.[78]
All the railway lines to Pune are
broad gauge.
Main article:
Roads of Pune
Pune BRTS is the first Bus Rapid Transit System in
India. The project consists of 16.5 kilometers (10.3 mi)
of bus lanes along the
Pune Satara Road using airconditioned, low-floor
more than 500
Volvo B7RLE buses.
Both public and private transport are popular in Pune. Public
buses within the city and its suburbs are operated by the
Pune Mahanagar Parivahan Mahamandal Limited (PMPML). The PMPML
operates the
Pune Bus Rapid Transit system, the first of its kind in India,
in which dedicated bus lanes allow buses to travel quickly through
the city.[79]
Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation runs buses from its
main stations in Shivajinagar, Pune station and Swargate to all
major cities and towns in Maharashtra and neighbouring states.
Private companies too run buses to major cities throughout India.[80]
Pune is well-connected to other cities by
Indian highways and state highways.
National Highway 4 (NH 4) connects it to
Mumbai,
Bangalore and
Kolhapur.
NH 9 to
Hyderabad, and
NH 50 to
Nashik.
State highways connect it to
Ahmednagar,
Aurangabad, and
Alandi.
The
Mumbai-Pune Expressway, India's first six-lane high-speed
expressway, was built in 2002, and has reduced travel time between
Pune and Mumbai to almost two hours. A
ring road is being planned for the convenience of heavy traffic.[81]
The Mumbai-Pune Expressway India's first Expressway as
seen from
Khandala
Pune is served by two intra-city highways:
Old Pune-Mumbai Highway and
Katraj-Dehu Road Bypass, a part of National Highway 4. The
Nashik City-Pune Highway
NH 50 will be part of the golden triangle(Nashik-Pune-Mumbai).
[edit]
Media and
communication
Marathi language newspapers such as
Sakal,
Loksatta,
Lokmat,
Kesari, Maharashtra Times and
Pudhari are popular. Major English dailies in the city are
The Times of India,
Indian Express,
Pune Mirror,
Sakal Times and
Daily News & Analysis (DNA) have editions based in Pune,
with additional local supplements. There's also an all Youth Tabloid
called TILT - The ILIKE Times.
Pune has FM Radio services running for the last few years. Though
Radio Mirchi (98.3 MHz) tops the popularity rating (it being the
first of Private FM channels being introduced in the city),
AIR FM (101.MHz),
Radio City(91.10),
Radio One (94.30),
Red FM (93.5) and Vidyavaani (107.4 University of Pune's own FM
Channel) have their audiences as well, which they very well enjoy.
[edit]
Sports and
recreation
Popular games and sports in Pune include
athletics,
cricket, basketball,
badminton,
field hockey,
football, tennis,
kabaddi,
kho-kho,
rowing and
chess.
The
Pune International Marathon is an annual
marathon conducted in Pune. The
2008 Commonwealth Youth Games were held in Pune.
Cricket is played between clubs affiliated with the
Maharashtra Cricket Association, which maintains a domestic
cricket team (the
Maharashtra cricket team). This team, one of three based in the
state of
Maharashtra, competes in interstate matches and leagues, such as
the
Ranji Trophy.Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium,is where National and One
Day International matches take place.It has been named after the
First Prime Minister of Independent India, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru.
An
Indian Premier League cricket team based in Pune began play in
2011. The team is named as
Pune Warriors India and was brought for Rs.1702 Crores or $370
million. It is the most expensive team in the Indian Premier League,
and it is owned by
Sahara Group. It is captained by
Yuvraj Singh and includes players like
Angelo Mathews,
Ashish Nehra,
Mitchell Marsh,
Sourav Ganguly, etc. A new stadium being built in Gahunje on
Mumbai – Pune express way, will be the Home of this Team.
Pune also has its own football team named as Pune FC. The
Pune Football Club, also known as Pune FC, is a recently founded
football club that plays in the
Indian Football League. It was established in August 2007.
Pune has basketball at the
Deccan Gymkhana club and at
Fergusson College.[82]
American football coach
J. D. Walsh held his first JDBasktball India camp in
Pune.[83]
The Elite Football League of India (ELFI) - an American gridiron
football competition slated for a Fall 2012 kickoff - has announced
that the Pune BlackTigers will be a member-franchise.
The National Education Foundation organises
Enduro3, a cross country adventure race in Pune. It is normally
a 2 or 3 day event with activities like cycling, trekking,
river-crossing and rifle shooting.[84]
The city has been host to the
2009 FIVB Men's Junior World Championship.
The
Pune Race course, located in
Pune Cantonment, was built in 1830 over 118.5 acres (0.480 km2)
of land. The land is controlled by the Indian Army. The racing
season is from July to October every year. The
Royal Western India Turf Club manages the race course. The
course has two training tracks and two racing surfaces. Major racing
events include The Pune Derby, RWITC Invitational, Independence Cup
and the Southern Command Cup.[85]
The beginnings of badminton can be traced to mid-19th century
Pune (then known as Poona). During a party, a few guests fastened
feathers onto champagne corks and used the bottles as bats. They
called this game Poonai.[86]
The first rules of the game were written in Pune in 1873, by the
British.[87]
[edit]
Sport institutions
Prominent sporting institutions in Pune include the
Nehru Stadium, the Deccan Gymkhana, the PYC Hindu Gymkhana and
the Shree Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex at
Balewadi. The Nehru Stadium is the home ground of the
Maharashtra cricket team, and has hosted many prominent cricket
events, including one of the matches in the
1996 Cricket World Cup. The
Deccan Gymkhana has hosted
Davis Cup matches on several occasions. The facility at Balewadi
hosted the
National Games in 1994 as well as the
2008 Commonwealth Youth Games. The
Royal Connaught Boat Club is one of several boating clubs on the
Mula-Mutha river. A new cricket stadium,
Pune International Cricket Centre renamed as Subroto Roy Cricket
Stadium, is under construction in Gahunje on the Mumbai-Pune
Expressway near Pune. This stadium will be the headquarters for the
Maharashtra Cricket Association and home for the Maharashtra cricket
team. It will be a state-of-the-art stadium, and will host the home
matches of Sahara Pune Warriors, IPL team of Pune.[88]
Prominent sportspersons hailing from Pune include cricketer
D. B. Deodhar, Chandu Borde, father-son cricketing duo
Hemant and
Hrishikesh Kanitkar, tennis players Radhika Tulpule,
Gaurav Natekar and Nitin Kirtane, and table-tennis player Aniket
Koparkar.
Abhijit Kunte and Pravin Thipse are chess
grandmasters and national champions.
Dhanraj Pillay is ex-captain of the Indian national field hockey
team.
Pune also has a rugby team, registered with the IRFU as Rugby
Football Sports Pune (RFS Pune). As of November, 2010, RFS Pune has
qualified for First Division Rugby, while placing second in the
Callaghan Cup Held in Chennai in the same month. Pune offers much
promise in this sport.
When the
Elite Football League of India was introduced in August 2011,
Pune was noted as one of eight cities to be awarded a team for the
inaugural season, although the team's games will be played in
Balewadi. In fact, all 56 games of EFLI's opening season will be
played at the Shree Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex, which will be
retrofitted to host the sport. Named the Pune Black Tigers, it
will be Pune's first professional
American football
franchise.[89][90]
[edit]
Tourist
Attractions
[edit]
Notable personalities from Pune
[edit]
Sister cities
[edit]
See also
[edit]
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[edit]
External links
